Resources for Reference

AI Risk Management

  • National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework. January 2023. Link

  • National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile. July 2024. Link

  • OECD (2022), OECD Framework for the Classification of AI systems, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 323, OECD Publishing, Paris. Link

  • ISO. ISO/IEC 42001: 2023: Information Technology – Artificial Intelligence - Management System. Link

  • Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on artificial intelligence, Official Journal of the European Union L 2024/1689 (12 July 2024). Link

Model Risk Management

  • Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve: Supervisory Governance on Model Risk Management, SR 1-7, April 4, 2011. Link

  • Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Comptrollers Handbook, Model Risk Management, August 2021. Link

  • American Bankers Association, The Model Risk Playbook: Essentials for Banks and Fintechs, Brought to you by Wolf & Co, PC, July 21, 2025. Link

Data Governance Risk

  • DAMA-DMBOK. Data Management Body of Knowledge. Revised Edition. Technis Publications (Basking Ridge, N.J.), 2024.

  • EDM Council. Global Data Management Benchmark Report. 2023. Link

  • Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Principles for effective data aggregation and risk reporting. 2014. Link

  • Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Progress in adopting the Principles for effective risk data aggregation and risk reporting. November 2023. Link

Third Party/Vendor Risk

  • Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. OCC Bulletin 2023-17: Third-Party Relationships – Interagency Guidance on Risk Management. Washington, DC: OCC, June 6, 2023. Link

  • Bank of England. SS2/21: Outsourcing and Third Party Risk Management. March 29, 2021. Link

  • Financial Conduct Authority. FG 16/5: Guidance for firms outsourcing to the “cloud” and other third-party IT services. July 2016. Updated September 2019. Link

Privacy & Cyber Security Risk

  • National Institute of Standards and Technology. Cybersecurity Framework 2.0. February 26, 2024. Link

  • EU Cyber Resilience Act. December 12, 2024. Link

  • Office of the Comptroller of the Current. Cybersecurity and Financial System Resilience Report. July 2025. Link

  • International Organization for Standardization. ISO 27001, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — Information security management systems — Requirements. Edition 3, 2022. Link

Fraud Prevention Risk

  • Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC). Federal Bank Regulatory Agencies Seek Comment to Address Payments and Check Fraud. June 16, 2025. Link

  • Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC). OCC Bulletin 2019-37. Operational Risk: Fraud Risk Management Principles. July 24, 2029. Link

  • David L. Cotton, Sandra Johnigan, Leslye Givarz. COSO (Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission) and ACFE (Association of Certified Fraud Examiners). Fraud Risk Management Guide. 2nd Edition. March 2023. Link

Processing Risk

  • Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Revisions to the Principles for the Sound Management of Operational Risk. March 31, 2021. Link

  • Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council. Retail Payment Systems IT Examination Handbook. Washington, DC: FFIEC, April 2016. Link

  • Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council. Wholesale Payment Systems IT Examination Handbook. Washington, DC: FFIEC, July 2004. Link

  • Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. OCC Bulletin 2012-16: Mobile Payments Risk Management. Washington, DC: OCC, April 2012. Link

  • European Central Bank, Eurosystem. The Revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2) and the transition to Stronger Payments Security. March 2018. Link

System/Technology Risk

  • Federal Reserve Board. SR 98-9 (SUP): Assessment of Information Technology in the Risk-Focused Framework for Supervision of Large and Complex Banking Organizations. Federal Reserve Board, October 1, 2025. Link

  • Federal Reserve Board. Supervisory Policy and Guidance Topics: Information Technology Guidance. Federal Reserve Board, updated September 5, 2023. Link

  • Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC). FFIEC Information Technology Examination Handbook: Development, Acquisition, and Maintenance. FFIEC and member agencies, 2024. Link

Intellectual Property Risk

  • U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Intellectual Property and Technology Risks Associated with International Business Operations, Division of Corporation Finance
    Securities and Exchange Commission, CF Disclosure Guidance: Topic No. 8, December 19, 2019. Link

  • World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property. Link

  • World Economic Forum, Here’s Who Owns What When it Comes to AI, October 10, 2025. Link

Conduct Risk

Compliance Risk

  • Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, R 08-8 / CA 08-11: Compliance Risk Management Programs and Oversight at Large Banking Organizations with Complex Compliance Profiles. Link

  • Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Compliance and the Compliance Function in Banks. Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements, April 2005. Link

  • U.S. Department of the Treasury, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN). Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism National Priorities. Washington, DC: FinCEN, June 2021. Link

  • Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FINCEN), Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism National Priorities, June 30, 202. Link

  •  FFIEC BSA/AML Examination Manual, 2014. Link

Operational Resilience

  • Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Principles for Operational Resilience. March 2021. Link

  • Board of Governors of Federal Reserve. SR 20-24Interagency Paper on Sound Practices to Strengthen Operational Resilience. November 2, 2020. Link

  • Financial Conduct Authority. Operational Resilience: insights and observations for firms. May 28. 2024. Link

  • Financial Conduct Authority. PS21/3 Building Operational Resilience. March 29, 2021. Link

  • Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. Cybersecurity and Financial System Resilience Report. July 2025. Link

  • Official Journal of the European Union. REGULATION (EU) 2022/2554 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on digital operational resilience for the financial sector and amending Regulations (EC) No 1060/2009, (EU) No 648/2012, (EU) No 600/2014, (EU) No 909/2014 and (EU) 2016/1011, December 14, 2022. Link